What is Metaphysics
Metaphysics is the branch of philosophy investigating principles of reality transcending those of any particular science, including Cosmology and Ontology. It is concerned with explaining the ultimate nature of being and the world.
Origins
The word derives from the Greek words μετά (metá) (meaning "after") and φυσικά (physiká) (meaning "physical"), "physical" referring to those works on matter by Aristotle in antiquity. The prefix meta- ("after") was attached to the chapters in Aristotle's work that physically followed after the chapters on "physics", in posthumously edited collections. Aristotle called some of the subjects treated there "first philosophy"
Application
Ontology is the investigation into what types of things there are in the world and what relations these things have to one another. The metaphysician also seeks to clarify the knoweldge by which people understand the world, including existence, objecthood, property, space, time, causality, and possibility.
In todays world, the term "metaphysics" has also been employed by non-philosophers to refer to " subjects that are beyond the physical world". A "metaphysical bookstore", for instance, is not one that sells books on ontology, but rather one that sells esoteric books on spirits, natural healing, crystal power, occultism, and other such topics which the philosophic pursuit of metaphysics generally does not include.
History
Before modern science, scientific questions were addressed as a part of metaphysics known as "natural philosophy"; the term "science" itself meant "knowledge". The Scientific Revolution, however, made natural philosophy an empirical and experimental activity unlike the rest of philosophy, and by the end of the eighteenth century it had begun to be called "science" in order to distinguish it from philosophy. Thereafter, metaphysics became the philosophical enquiry of a non-empirical character into the nature of existence. Thus the original situation of metaphysics being integral with (Aristotelian) physics and science, has, in the West, become reversed so that scientists generally consider metaphysics antithetical to the empirical sciences.
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